Beam-like topologically interlocked structures with hierarchical interlocking

Topologically interlocked materials and structures, which are assemblies of unbonded interlocking building blocks, promising concepts for versatile structural applications. They have been shown to exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, including outstanding combinations stiffness, strength, toughness, beyond those achievable with common engineering materials. Recent work has established a theoretical upper limit the strength toughness beam-like topologically structures. However, this is only structures unrealistically high friction coefficients; therefore, it remains unknown whether in actual Here, we demonstrate that hierarchical approach topological interlocking, inspired by biological systems, overcomes these limitations provides path toward optimized performance. We consider present sinusoidal surface morphology controllable amplitude wavelength examine properties using numerical simulations. The results show presence morphologies increases effective frictional interfaces and, if well-designed, enables us reach carrying capacity realistic coefficients. Furthermore, observe contribution coefficient interface well described criterion combining curvature gradient. Our study demonstrates ability architecture significantly enhance its